At the beginning of this century, many naturalists deny the possibility of the formation of organic compounds from inorganic matter . It was believed then that the inorganic forms of carbon compounds (eg , carbon dioxide, air ) are converted in vivo into organic exclusively by means of living beings. This opinion has been formed because it is so formed is currently the overwhelming mass of organic substances. Green plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and create a water and organic substances they need for life and growth. Herbivores get these substances by eating plants , and predators - eating herbivores . Thus, the entire living world now uses organic substances formed with the participation of living beings.
Scientists, astronomers have found however, that all celestial bodies have hydrocarbons. But many of them have no life . Therefore , there arose independently hydrocarbons from living organisms. One would think that hydrocarbons and on our planet could be formed before the appearance of living organisms. Geologists are sometimes deeply buried rocks , in cracks granites hydrocarbon gases , and even traces of liquid hydrocarbons. These gases and liquids may appear there is any connection with the living beings .
History of the Earth shows that the formation of our planet, and the first period of its existence on the surface of the globe appeared enormous amount of simple organic substances.
Now astronomy is generally accepted that the Earth and other planets in the solar system formed from a giant cloud of gas and dust matter . Such gas- dust matter is in interstellar space now. Astronomers have learned to determine its composition. It is found methane ( CH4) . Possibly there are more complex hydrocarbons. When particles of gas and dust clouds merged into the larger planets ( Jupiter, Saturn ) , methane and other gases preserved in the primitive atmosphere of evolving planets. There astronomers detect these gases now. And in the composition of the Earth - it is in fact a relatively small planet - carbon was only in the form of graphite and carbides ( carbon compounds with metals ) . Of carbides when they interact with water to produce hydrocarbons , and entered into the earth and water - in the form of hydrates of different rocks . Consequently, hydrocarbons and their simple derivatives were bound to be formed on Earth long before her living beings.
Cell precursors - coacervate droplets
Coacervate droplets and surrounding fluid ( aqueous solution) called coacervate systems (" koatser - vare " in Latin - raking in a pile ) . In such droplets gather molecule substances.
Nowadays there are more than 250 different chemical composition of droplets. They can be artificially synthesized from the compounds resembling proteins , carbohydrates , nucleic acids , etc. , as well as compounds within the cytoplasm. Especially droplets easily arise from molecules with different charges of the molecules such as proteins , charged positively , and nucleic acid negatively charged . Droplets with nucleic acids in the ultraviolet microscope appear red. In view pasted as interference microscopes droplets become colored . With visible light rays in the interference microscope can weigh up to 10-14 each droplet of light rays passing through the droplet bent differently because the droplets have a different weight . As the droplets can flow from the fast chemical reaction catalysts , such as enzymes. Coacervate droplet size of from 0.5 to 640 microns, and as many cells. Our scientists at Moscow State University showed that the coacervate droplets have the same weight and water content , as well as cells . This predkletochnye structure.
Further improvement has led them in due time to the emergence probiontov - predecessors of modern organisms .
